Motor



June 17, 1941. JOY 2,246,074

MOTOR v f Filed Feb. 14, 1938 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 wiy J. F. JOY

June 17, 1941.

MOTOR 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Feb. 14, 1938' June 17, 1941. J. F. JOY 2,246,074.

MOTOR Filed Feb. 14, 1938 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 1520a, ar:

June 17, 1941. J; F. JOY 2,246,074

' MOTOR Filed Feb. 14, 1938 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 MA-MW,

Patented June 17, 1941 MOTOR Joseph F. Joy, Claremont, N. H., assignor to Sullivan Machinery Company, a corporation of Massachusetts Application February 14, 1938, Serial No. 190,412

6 Claims. (Cl. 121121) This invention relates to motors, and more particularly, but not exclusively, to motors of the radial cylinder, reciprocating piston,. hydraulic type especially designed for use in a hydraulic power transmission mechanism.

An object of the present invention is to provide an improved hydraulic motor. Another object is to providean improved hydraulic motor of the radial cylinder, reciprocating piston type having novel features in construction and design, A further object is to provide an improved .hydraulic motor having improved fluid distribution means, embodying reversing means for the motor. Still another object is to provide an improved combined fluid distributing and reversing valve of the balanced type. Other objects and advantages of the invention will, however, hereinafter more fully appear.

In the accompany n drawings there are shown for purposes of illustration one form and a modification thereof which the invention may assume in practice.

In these drawings:

Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of the improved motor constructed in accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged view in longitudinal vertical section taken substantially on line, 2-2 of Fig. 3, with parts omitted to facilitate illustration.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged cross sectional view taken substantially on line 3-3 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged horizontal sectional view taken substantially on line 44 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a View similar to Fig. 4, showing the distributing and reversing valve in a different position.

Fig. 6 is a cross sectional view taken substantially on line 6-5 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a detail sectional view taken axially through the distributing and reversing valve.

Fig. 8 is an end elevational view of the pump shown in Fig. 1, with the lower portion broken away.

Fig. 9 is a view similar to Fig. 2, showing a modified form of construction.

Fig. 10 is a cross sectional view taken on line 10-! 0 of Fig. 9.

Fig. 11 is a cross sectional view taken on line l|-H of Fig. 9.

In this illustrative embodiment of the invention, the improved motor is especially designed for use in a hydraulic power transmission mechanism embodying a liquid pressure generator, herein a variable displacement pump, which may be of the same general character as that disclosed in my application Serial No. 190,413, filed of even date herewith. It will be understood, however, that the improved motor maybe used for other purposes and may be associated with v; fluid pressure generators of various other types.

The improved motor, as disclosed in Figs- 1 to 8, inclusive, comprises a casing I, herein preferably composed of two parts 2 and 3 secured together by bolts 4 and supported by brackets 5 secured to a suitable base 6. Mounted on the casing are radially located cylinders I having integral annular flanges 8 secured to the cooperating casing parts by screws 9. These cylinders are herein four in number, arranged in pairs in diametrically opposite relation with respect to the motor center with their axes lying in a common transverse vertical plane. The cylinders l have bores l0 containing reciprocable pistons Ii secured in pairs integrally with yokes I2 and i3, respectively. These yokes have slots it and I5, respectively, arranged in rightangular relation with respect to each other, and movable in these slots respectively are ring members or annuli l5 and 11. The bodies of the pistons are laterally cut away at H3 at their adjacent sides to fit closely together, so that the yokes l2 and i3 lie in adjacent transverse planes, thereby to enable the disposition of the cylinder axes in a common plane. Journaled in roller bearings is supported within the casing partsis a crank shaft 20, herein preferably composed of two alined sections to facilitate. manufacture and assembly. Each crank shaft section has a crank pin portion 2i, these crank pin portions having alined bores 22 for receiving a dowel pin 23 for coupling the crank shaft sections and maintaining the crank pin portions in truealinement with each other. Supported on and surrounding the crank pin portions 2| are roller bearings 24 for supporting the annuli l6 and I1, the latter surrounding the bearings. Keyed to the opposite ends of the crank shaft are driven members, herein in the form of chain sprockets 25.

Now referring to the improved distributing and reversing valve means, it will be noted that mounted as by brackets 26 on the motor casing, is a cylindrical valve casing 21 having a longitudinal bore 28 containing a reciprocable and rotatable distributing and reversing valve 29. The valve body has stems 30 and 3| projecting from its opposite ends through packed openings in end casing heads 32. The means for rotating the distributing valve to eflfect fluid distribution may assume various forms, but herein preferably comprises a-sprocket 33 keyed to the crank shaft 2!! and connected by a drive chain 34 to a sprocket 35 keyed to the valve stem 3|. The means for shifting the valve 29 axially within its bore to effect motor reversal herein comprises a shipper yoke 36 engaging a grooved collar 31 secured to the valve stem 39. The shipper yoke has an operating lever 38 pivoted on a bracket integral with the adjacent casing head 32, and the lever 38 has a locking plunger 39 insertible within apertures formed in a locking plate 49 secured to the adjacent casing bracket 5, for maintaining the valve in its different axially adjusted posi-' tions. The cylindric body of the valve has longitudinal passages 4| extending therethrough (see Fig. 7) for balancing the pressures at the opposite ends of the valve. The cylindricvalve body is annularly grooved at 42 and 43 near its opposite ends and the opposite sides of the central portion of the valve body are slotted or grooved at 44 and 45 (see Fig. 6), the slot 44 communicating with the groove 43 through longitudinal passages 46 in the valve body andthe slot 45 communicating with the groove 42 through similar passages 41. Formed in the opposite sides of the valve casing are longitudinal passages 48 and 49, the former communicating through a pipe 59 with a suitable source of liquid pressure supply such as the discharge of the pump of the application above referred to, and the latter passage 49 connected by a pipe back to the liquid source. The passage 48 communicates with annular grooves 52 and 53 formed in the walls of the valve casing bore at longitudinally spaced points, while the passage 49 communicates with annular grooves 54 and 55 formed in the walls of thevalve casing bore at the remote sides of the grooves 52 and 53. Communicating at equally spaced points with the central portion of the valve casing are four pipes 56, 5'1, 58 and 59 for connecting the valve bore to the outer ends of the bores 19 of the four cylinders I. r

The mode of operation of the improved motor will be clearly apparent from the description given. When the valve 29 is in its neutral position midway between the ends of the valve bore as shown in Fig. 4, the liquid pressure supply grooves 52 and 53 are cut off from communication with the valve grooves by the valve body, and the grooves 54 and 55 are both in communication with the discharge passage 49, so that at that time no liquid flow through the pipes 56, 51, 58 and 59 to the motor cylinders, occurs. To efiect operation of the motor in one direction, the operator shifts the valve 29 axially from the position shown in Fig. 4 to the position shown in Fig. 5, and at that time pressure fluid flows from the liquid pressure supply passage 48, through groove 53, passages 46, slot 44 and pipe 56 to one of the motor cylinders, while the diametrically opposite motor cylinder is connected through pipe 58, slot 45, passages 41 and groove 54 to the return passage 49. When the valve is in the position shown in Fig. 6, communication of the pipes 51 and 59 with the valve bore is cut off by the valve body. As the valve rotates, the pipes 56, 51, 58 and 59 are alternately brought into communication with the liquid pressure supply slot 44 in the valve and with the exhaust slot 45; and as a result, the motor pistons are actuated to effect drive of the crank shaft. When it is desired to effect reversal of the motor, the valve 29 is shifted from its position shown in Fig. 5 to its extreme opposite position, and at that time, the liquid pressure supply passage 48 communicates through the groove 52, groove 42, and passages 47 with the slot 45 in the valve, while the slot 44 is connected to the return passage 49 through passages 46 and groove 43 and the groove 55; and as a result, liquid under pressure is supplied to and liquid is discharged from the motor cylinders to efiect drive of the crank shaft in the opposite direction.

In the modified form of construction shown in Figs. 9, 10 and 11, the motor cylinder, piston and slotted yoke structure are the same as that described above. In this instance, however, the motor casing 83 is composed of two parts 64 and the former being in the form of a detachable cover plate, while the latter constitutes the support for the motor. Journaled in roller bearings 89 supported within the motor casing part 65 is a crank shaft 61 having keyed thereto a driven member in the form of a sprocket 58. Formed integrally with the crank shaft is a crank pin 69, in this instance having its bearing within both of the roller bearings 24, 24, so that the crank pin is driven by both of the piston yokes. In this construction, secured to the cover plate 64 of the motor casing is a valve casing 19 having a bore ll containing a rotary type distributing valve 12, the latter herein arranged with its axis of rotation coincident with the crank shaft axis. The valve 12 is rotated by the crank pin 69 through an arm or crank '13 having a cyiindric projection 14 engaged within an axial bore 15 in the crank pin, and this arm has its hub fixed at 15 to a stem 11 integral with the valve. It is therefore evident that the valve rotates in timed relation with the crank shaft. The distributing valve 72 is formed with an axial passage 18 communicating through a radial port 19 with a groove or slot on the valve periphery, while formed on the valve periphery opposite from the slot 89, is an elongated slot or groove 8| (see Fig. 10). A circumferential balancing groove 82 communicates with the slot 8| (see Fig. 11). Connected to the valve bore in the transverse planes of the slot 80 at equally spaced points are four pipes 83, 64, 85 and 86 leading to the outer ends of the bores ll) of the cylinders l. Communicating with the axial passage 18 through a port 81, is a pipe 88, while a pipe 89 is connected to the valve bore through a lateral port 98. The'pipes 88 and 89 are connected through diametrically opposite ports 91 and 92 with the bore 93 of a valve casing 94 located at a point remote from the motor. The bore 93 contains a rotary four-way reversing valve 95, of a conventional design. Also communicating with the valve bore 93 at right angles to the ports I and 92, are diametrically opposite ports 96 and 91 connected by pipes 98 and 99 respectively with a source of liquid pressure supply and the discharge. The reversing valve 95 has at its opposite sides circumferential grooves H10 and till for connecting either of the ports 9| and 92 with the ports 96 and 91.

The mode of operation of this form of the improved motor is as follows. When the reversing valve 95 is in the position shown in Fig. 9, liquid under pressure may flow from the supply pipe 98 through groove I90, pipe 89, slot 8| on the distributing valve 12, to the pipe 83 leading to one of the motor cylinders, while the opposed cylinder is connected to exhaust through pipe 85, slot 89 on the distributing valve, port I9, axial passage 18, pipe 83, groove l9l on the reversing valve and discharge pipe 99, thereby to efiect operation of the motor; and as the distributing valve 12 is rotated by its connection with the crank shaft, the cylinders are alternately connected with the supply and exhaust. When it is desired to effect azaleas-74;

reversal of: the motor, the; position. of; -the;;1:evers.-. ing valve 95 is shifted, so that theagroove; Hill connectsithepipe 88 with. the supply pipe 985 and the. groove mlconnects the-pipe 89, withzthe discharge: p pe 99,. so that the axial: passage 18 in the distributing valve 12 is at that .time a: supply passageand the slot 8.! in the distributingvalve: is am exhaust slot. Otherwise,..this formsofithe invention. operates. in. the above described.

As a. result. of this invention;1 it willbe noted; that an improved hydraulic 1 motor provided of a. novel design having a relatively simple arrangeineni:v oi parts-well. adapted: to withstand: the conditions of; service: ina hydraulic power! transmission;. It will; further be noted that bythe'pro vision: ofgthe'improveddistributing and reversing valve structure, the motor constructionisi -not only; simplified, but. is also extremely eflicientand the valve structure well balanced. Qther uses and advantagess of the: improved motor will be clearly: apparent to thoseskilled in the art;

While. there are in this application specifically:

described onev form and av modiflcationwhicnthe inventionmay. assume. in practice, it will be understoodthat this form and: modification of thesame:- are shown for purposes of illustration and than the invention may be further modified and embodied int-various: other forms without-depart ing; from. its. spirit or thescope of the claims. I

Whahll claim as. new and desire to secureby Letters; Patent is:

1 In a. fluid actuated motor; the. combination with. aplurality ofv cylinders having bores and: pistons reciprocable in said bores, of: means for supplying motive fluid to; and exhausting fluid from said cylinders for effecting; reciprocatiomof of said pistons and for eifecting motor reversaL.

comprising a valve casing having a bore, a fluid distributing and reversing valve mounted in said casing bore for rotary and axial movements therein, pairs of respectively supply and exhaust passages communicating with said casing bore at points spaced longitudinally thereof, passages communicating with said casing bore midway between the points of communication of said pairs of supply and exhaust passages therewith for conducting pressure fluid to and from said cylinders, annular grooves formed on said valve near the opposite ends thereof and each communicable alternatively with a supply and with an exhaust passage, slots formed on the opposite sides of said valve providing supply and exhaust spaces, passages in the valve connecting said slots with said grooves respectively, said slots, upon valve rotation, alternately connecting said conducting passages with said supply and exhaust passages through said last mentioned passages and said grooves, and means for moving said valve axially to connect said grooves alternately with said supply and exhaust passages to effect motor reversal.

2. In a fluid actuated motor, the combination with a plurality of cylinders having bores and pistons reciprocable in said bores, of means for supplying motive fluid to and exhausting fluid from said cylinders for efiecting reciprocation of said pistons and for efiecting motor reversal, comprising a valve casing having a bore, a fluid distributing and reversing valve mounted in said casing bore for rotary and axial movements therein, supply and exhaust passages communicating with said casing bore at points spaced longitudinally thereof, the points of communication with said bore of said supply passages nearer to each same manner as; that.

appended other: than; the points of communicationwitlr'saict boreotsaid exhaust passages, passages .communieating; witlr saidcasing.v bore midway between the points of: communication: of said supply'and ex- 5 haust passages. therewith for; conduotingpressure; fluid to and from said cylinders, annular grooves tormeionsa-idvalve near the opposite. ends thereoiiandcommunieable respectively with: theisuppl y andzexhaust passages,.slots formed on the opposite- 1 .0 sidesofi said; valve. providing. supply and exhaust spaces; passagestim the valve connecting saidslots witlr saidi grooves respectively, said: slots, uponvalverotation, alternately connecting said. conductingz-passa'geswith said supply and exhaust; 15.: passage's through'saidilasi;mentionedrpassages and; said: grooves,- means for moving said valve: axially to connect saidi grooves: alternately with; said sup ply and exhaust' passages to efiect motor reversal;. and passages extending. longitudinally through thevalve for balancing the pressures at the opposite-endsof thevalve.

- 3 Inna fluid-actuated motor, in combination, means: providing a plurality of i expansible chambersyand-means for effecting fluid distribution 2a.- with respect to 'said chambers including-means:

providing avalvechest, a rotary and longitudinally shittable valve in said chest, said valve having cylindrical heads spaced by annular grooves from an intermediate body portion, and 305 said-intermediate body portion having diametrically opposite slots midway between cylindrical ends; passages connecting one ofsaid grooves withdne of said-slots and theother of said grooveswith the other 'of-saidslots, means for rotatingsaid' -valve by' power furnished by fluid a'ctingiin. said expansible chambers, means for 'moving said valve longitudinally, passages Iea'dingto said ex"- pansible chambers communicating with said valve:

chesuadjacent: the: longitudinal center. thereof,v

chest at points covered by the cylindrical ends of said valve body portion when the valve is in central position longitudinally of the chest, and fluid exhaust passages communicating with the valve chest at points between the ends of the valve chest and the points of communication with the valve chest of said supply passages.

4. In a reversible fluid actuated motor, the combination with a plurality of cylinders having bores and pistons reciprocable in said bores, of means for supplying motive fluid to and exhausting fiuid from said cylinders for effecting reciprocation of said pistons and for efiecting reversal of said motor, comprising a valve casing having a bore, a fluid distributing and reversing valve arranged in said casing bore for rotary and axial movements therein, pairs of respectively supply and exhaust passages communicating with said casing bore at points spaced longitudinally thereof, passages communicating with said casing bore in a zone between the points of communication therewith of said supply and exhaust passages for conducting pressure fluid to and from said cylinders, annular grooves formed in said valve near the opposite ends thereof and one communicating directly with one of said first mentioned passages While the other communicates directly with another of said first mentioned passages, slots formed on the opposite sides of said valve midway between said annular grooves and providing supply and exhaust spaces, passages in said valve connecting said annular grooves with said slots respectively, said supply and exhaust space providing slots alternately connecting, upon valve rotation, said cona-pairof 'fluid 'supply passages opening. into saidducting passages with said supply and exhaust grooves with different ones of said first mentioned passages to efiect motor reversal.

5. In a fluid actuated motor, in combination, at least one cylinder-and-piston-type expansible chamber unit, and means for effecting fluid distribution with respect to said unitrincluding means providing avalve chest, a rotary and longitudinally shiftable valve in said chest, said valve having cylindrical heads spaced by annular grooves from an intermediate body portion and said intermediate body portion having mutually opposite fluid conducting recesses therein one in continuous communication with one of said grooves and the other in continuous communication with the other of said grooves, means for rotating said valve by power furnished by fluid acting in said expansible chamber unit, means for moving said valve longitudinally, passage means leading to said unit communicating with said valve chest in the same transverse zone with said fluid conducting recesses, said recesses of such length and so disposed that they are communicable with said passage means in the diflerent longitudinal positions of said valve, a pair of fluid supply passages opening into said valve chest, and a pair of fluid exhaust passages opening into said valve chest, the points of communication of one of said pairs of passages with said valve chest being between the ends of the valve chest and the points of communication with the valve chest of said other pair of passages, said grooves and points of communication of said passages with said chest so spaced that one of said grooves communicates with the supply passage that is nearer one end of the valve chest when the other of said grooves communicates with the exhaust passage that is nearer the other end of the valve chest and vice versa.

6. In a fluid actuated motor, in combination, at least one cylinder-and-piston-type expansible chamber unit, and means for effecting fluid distribution with respect to said unit including means providing a valve chest, a rotary and longitudinally shiftable valve in said chest, said valve having a pair of circumferentially extending grooves dividing it longitudinally into three spaced portions, one of said portions having mutually opposite fluid conducting recesses, one in continuous communication with one of said grooves and the other in continuous communication with the other of said grooves, means for rotating said valve by power furnished by fluid acting in said expansible chamber unit, means for :moving said valve longitudinally, a passage leading to said unit communicating with said valve chest in the same transverse zone with said,,fluid conducting recesses, said recesses of such length and so disposed that they are communicable with said passage in the different longitudinal positions of said valve, and fluid supply and exhaust passage means opening into said valve chest, one of said passage means having communication with said valve chest through openings spaced apart longitudinally of said chest and said other passage means having communication with the chest intermediate said spaced openings, said grooves and the points of communication of said fluid supply and exhaust passage means with said chest so located and spaced that said grooves are disposable, alternately, one opposite one of said spaced openings or the other opposite the other of said spaced openings, and eachngroove, while the other is so disposed, communicating with the passage means having intermediate communication with the valve chest.

JOSEPH F. JOY. 

